1958 Reiss Portraits

The portraits in the 1940 portfolio, which are mostly static images of Indians sitting for the artist. In contrast, several of the portraits in the 1958 portfolio actually show Indians doing something: making pemmican; beating drums; talking sign language; and making, or at least showing off, beaded bags and ceremonial pipes.

Click to download a 14.2-MB PDF of these portraits.

As previously noted, thirteen of these portraits were new since the Great Northern’s 1935 book on Blackfeet Indians, from which all of the portraits of the 1940 portfolio were taken. Reiss painted “Nobody Has Pity on Me” in 1948, and several others in this portfolio were painted in the 1940s as well.
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The Story of the Blackfoot Indians

For the 1958 portfolio of 24 Winold Reiss portraits, the Great Northern replaced Frank Linderman’s article about the Blackfeet Indians with one by Claude Schaeffer, who (unlike Linderman) was an actual anthropologist. Schaeffer apparently alerted the railway to the fact that the Indians preferred the name “Blackfoot” over “Blackfeet,” as the former term is used throughout his paper and on the 1958 portfolio envelope. The word “blackfoot” is a translation of the Indian word “siksika,” the name of one of the three Blackfoot tribes, and refers to the moccasins the Indians wore.


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Schaeffer lived with the Blackfoot Indians for seven years while employed as the director of the Museum of the Plains Indians at Browning, Montana, a town not far from Glacier Park that was served by the Great Northern Railway. In 1954 he moved to Portland where he became curator of the Oregon Historical Society and wrote several papers on Northwest Indians as well as a map showing 114 Northwest Indian tribes and languages.

1958 Blackfeet Portraits Envelope

In 1958, the Great Northern published a second edition of its portfolio of Winold Reiss portraits. All 24 portraits were different from the ones in the 1940/1947 edition, and only 11 were from the 1935 book on Blackfeet Indians. This portfolio apparently did not sell as well or as long as the earlier one, as it is far less common.


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The envelopes for the two portfolios have the same basic color schemes, but the twelve Indians armed with bows-and-arrows on the 1940 envelope could be perceived as hostile, while the single Indian hunting a deer on the 1958 envelope is more benign. The 1958 portfolio lacks a price tag, but it appears that both were sold at book stores rather than on board Great Northern trains.

Railroad Trailways

While Greyhound was one company that had an interest in, and eventually absorbed, a number of other companies operating under the Greyhound name, Trailways was never more than a loose association of separate companies that attempted to coordinate their schedules and operations. Two railroads, Burlington and Santa Fe, formed the nucleus of Trailways, and they persuaded three other bus companies to join the original consortium.

This brochure is not from my collection but can be downloaded, along with several other Santa Fe brochures, from the University of Arizona library web site–or click the image to download a 3.0-MB PDF of this 20-page brochure.

The Santa Fe Railway started Santa Fe Trail Transportation in 1928, and soon made it into a transcontinental company similar to Union Pacific Stages. A map inside the above brochure shows lines from Milwaukee, Chicago, and Little Rock in the East to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego in the West. Some routes, such as Flagstaff to Salt Lake City, didn’t follow the route of existing Santa Fe (or, in this case, any other) rails.

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When the Railroads Took the Bus

Rail passenger ridership peaked in 1920 and started a steady decline thereafter interrupted only by World War II. Early buses were one competitor for rail riders, and more than two dozen railroads responded by starting their own bus companies in the 1920s. Some just offered local service feeding into their trunk rail lines, but many rail-owned bus companies competed directly against passenger trains for interstate and transcontinental business.


Unfortunately, I don’t have the entire timetable, but click the image to see a larger view.

More than a dozen rail-owned bus companies eventually became a part of Greyhound Lines. The original Greyhound was formed by the merger of several small Minnesota bus lines into Northland Transportation Company in 1924. For $240,000, Great Northern Railway acquired an 80 percent interest in this company in 1925; it changed its name to Northland Greyhound in 1926. Curiously, the company’s early logo wasn’t a dog but a moose encircled by the words, “Northland Lines”–suspiciously reminiscent of Great Northern’s Rocky Mountain goat logo, a version of which had been adopted by the railway in 1925.

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Winold Reiss 1940 Portfolio

The 24 prints in the Winold Reiss portfolio measure 9″x12″, though the images on the prints are just 7.25″x9.7″. Each print also has a very brief description of the painting, which are shorter versions of the descriptions that appeared in GN’s 1935 book. Even the longer versions in the book leave out a lot of detail, such as when the painting was made and when the people in the paintings were born.

Click image to download a 12.6-MB PDF of all 24 portraits.
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Most of the paintings show Indians wearing some sort of ceremonial garb, but the Blackfeet were said to especially appreciate Reiss for his willingness to paint them in everyday clothes as well. The everyday paintings were not as marketable, either to Louis Hill or the general public, but a few are included in the book. For example, Lazy Boy is shown on the eighth page of this portfolio and page 50 of the book is also shown, in everyday clothes, on page 59 of the book. The originals of most of these paintings are at the BNSF headquarters in Ft. Worth.

Out of the North

Frank Lindeman’s article on the Blackfeet Indians takes nine of the twelve pages of this little booklet, which was included in the envelope with the portfolio of 24 Winold Reiss paintings. Although this particular copy has a 1947 copyright, it is taken word-for-word from Great Northern’s 1935 book of 49 Winold Reiss Blackfeet Indian portraits.


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Page 2 of the booklet has an introduction to the portfolio, while the back cover has a half-page biography of Winold Reiss and a half-page biography of Frank Linderman. Nowhere in the portfolio was any detail provided about the individual paintings other than a few words on each of the paintings themselves.

Envelope for Indian Portraits

Like many western railroads, the Great Northern commissioned works by a number of artists. But the one that proved to be most popular with the public was Winold Reiss, a German portrait painter who came to America to paint a variety of ethnic groups. Although his Indian paintings are especially famous, unlike some painters he only painted Indians of one group: the Blackfeet who lived around Glacier National Park.


Click image to download a 1.2-MB PDF of this envelope.

Louis Hill bought dozens of Reiss’ paintings and, in 1928, GN started putting the paintings on its calendars. In 1931, GN published a portfolio of a dozen paintings, most of which were by Reiss but a few of which were by Langdon Kihn, a painter who had studied under Reiss.

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Empire Builder Going to the Sun Menu

This 1943 menu has the same cover as the 1949 Oriental Limited menu that I posted a few weeks ago. Inside is very different with lower prices, advertisements for “victory bonds,” and a sticker proclaiming May 17-22 as “National Cotton Week.” While yesterday’s menu was from the New York Public Library, this one (along with its Oriental Limited mate) is from my own collection.


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Named for the mountain in the background of this photo, the Going to the Sun Highway was opened in 1934 leading to a huge increase in park visitation. Construction of the road was controversial as everyone knew it would only be open a few months of the year. At least one newspaper argued that the highway would be just a subsidy for the Great Northern, which was charging people $10 to $15 to carry their autos from the Twin Cities to the park. Of course, the eventual construction of U.S. 2 actually reduced the Great Northern’s passenger business.

Grinnell Lake Menu

Like the Little Chief Mountain menu shown here previously, this menu is from 1941. While the two are not exactly the same, the main entrées seem to have been simply rearranged.


Click image to download a 652-KB PDF of this menu.

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